Cardiovascular-risk

Metabolic health is defined by five biomarkers: blood glucose, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, blood pressure, and waist circumference. Only 12% of UK adults meet all five criteria. This article reviews the interventions with the strongest evidence for improving each marker.

Visceral abdominal fat is the metabolically significant fat type most strongly linked to cardiovascular and metabolic disease. This article examines what the evidence shows about reducing visceral fat — including which dietary approaches, exercise types, and supplements have clinical evidence — and what spot reduction claims cannot deliver.