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Several nutrients have strong evidence for brain development: DHA (EFSA authorises 100 mg/day claim for infant brain development), iodine (SACN 2014: deficiency associated with cognitive impairment in children; UK vegetarians/vegans at risk), iron (deficiency in early life causes irreversible cognitive deficits — NICE recommends testing before supplementing), choline (UK has no RNI; most diets adequate). Folic acid prevents neural tube defects (NICE: 400 mcg/day in first trimester). B12: critical for myelin development in vegan/vegetarian infants.